an electromyographic-driven musculoskeletal torque model using neuro-fuzzy system identification: a case study

the purpose of this study was to estimate the torque from high‑density surface electromyography signals of biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and the medial and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscles during moderate‑to‑high isometric elbow flexion‑extension. the elbow torque was estimated in two following steps: first, surface electromyography (emg) amplitudes were estimated using principal component analysis, and then a fuzzy model was proposed to illustrate the relationship between the emg amplitudes and the measured torque signal. a neuro‑fuzzy method, with which the optimum number of rules could be estimated, was used to identify the model with suitable complexity. utilizing the proposed neuro‑fuzzy model, the clinical interpretability was introduced; contrary to the previous linear and nonlinear black‑box system identification models. it also reduced the estimation error compared with that of the most recent and accurate nonlinear dynamic model introduced in the literature. the optimum number of the rules for all trials was 4 ± 1, that might be related to motor control strategies and the % variance accounted for criterion was 96.40 ± 3.38 which in fact showed considerable improvement compared with the previous methods. the proposed method is thus a promising new tool for emg‑torque modeling in clinical applications.